Hipertensión pulmonar. Definiendo la estructura y la función departamental a partir del riesgo / Pulmonary hypertension. Defining the structure and the departmental function based on risk

Se presenta un modelo departamental para la atención integral de pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar. Se resume el conocimiento actual de la hipertensión pulmonar, su mortalidad, pronóstico y la estratificación de su severidad que justifican la propuesta de la estructura y la función departamental.

A departmental model for the comprehensive care of patients with pulmonary hypertension is presented. The current knowledge of pulmonary hypertension, its mortality, prognosis and the stratification of its severity that justify the proposal of the departmental structure and function are summarized.

Escovas de limpeza em centrais de materiais e esterilização: características e cuidados / Cleaning brushes in Central Materials and Sterilization

A limpeza é a primeira e mais essencial etapa antes que qualquer processo de desinfecção ou esterilização possa ocorrer. Nesta etapa ocorre a fricção manual dos materiais com escovas apropriadas a fim de eliminar sujidades. A depender das características, estas escovas podem ter um custeio elevado para os serviços de saúde, especialmente em países com recursos limitados como o Brasil. Elucidar, em tempo oportuno, o que traz a literatura sobre as características necessárias às escovas de limpeza em Centrais de Materiais e Esterilização (CME), especialmente sobre a necessidade de serem autoclavadas.

Distúrbios osteomusculares e dor em profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em centro de material e esterilização / Musculoskeletal disorders and pain in nursing professionals working in a material and sterilization center

Introdução: O estudo teve como objeto os Distúrbios Osteomusculares (DOM) e dor em profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam em Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME). Objetivo geral: Analisar as implicações do trabalho do CME na ocorrência de distúrbios osteomusculares e dor nos profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam neste setor. Objetivos específicos: Identificar a presença de distúrbios osteomusculares em profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam em CME; Identificar a presença, localização e intensidade da dor em profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam em CME; Analisar a associação das características sociodemográficas, laborais e de saúde com a presença de distúrbios osteomusculares; Analisar a presença de dor com distúrbios osteomusculares nos profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam em CME; e Discutir os distúrbios osteomusculares no profissional de enfermagem na perspectiva dos DORT no trabalho em CME. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo descritivo exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. Os locais de estudo foram os Centros de Material e Esterilização de um Centro de Alta complexidade em Oncologia (CACON) da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A população do estudo foi composta por 36 profissionais de enfermagem. Foi aplicado um questionário para obtenção do perfil sociodemográfico, laboral, de hábitos de vida, saúde e ambiente de trabalho e o diagrama de áreas dolorosas de Corlett e Manenica (1980). Foi realizada análise estatística com auxílio dos softwares Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 21.0, Programa R versão 2.7.1, Microsoft Excel ® e o nível de significância utilizado foi de 5%. Resultados: observou-se predomínio do sexo feminino (87,5%), da raça não branca (54,2%), que vivia sem companheiro (62,5%), com nível de escolaridade do ensino médio (41,7%), com filhos (70,8%). A prevalência de DOM foi em 66,7% dos participantes. Quando associada às características do trabalho com os distúrbios osteomusculares, observou-se que 91,7% dos profissionais eram auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem, que trabalhavam no turno diurno (70,8%), plantonistas de 12 horas (62,5%), utilizavam transporte público até o trabalho (77,3%), gastavam em média 69,6 minutos para chegarem ao trabalho e com tempo de atuação no CME entre 1 e 5 anos (62,5%). Destacou-se que 79,2% dos participantes relataram que ficavam "sempre" na posição de pé para realizar as atividades no CME. Os que pegavam peso representaram 54,2% dos participantes, os que consideraram o trabalho "repetitivo" foram 87,5% dos participantes e os que referiram que o trabalho realizado era "cansativo" representaram 95,8% dos participantes. Os participantes que disseram que "não consideravam o ambiente de trabalho com condições ergonômicas adequadas para a realização das atividades" representaram 91,7%. Com relação à queixa dolorosa, 75,0% referiram como "presente" na avaliação inicial e, na avaliação final, foram 95,8%. Quanto à intensidade, 50,0% relataram dor leve na avaliação inicial e 35,3%, de dor aguda/muito aguda na avaliação final. Quanto à localização da dor, a região da coluna lombar correspondeu a 50% dos participantes que referiram dor nesta região na avaliação inicial. Na avaliação final, houve presença de dor nas regiões da coluna, juntamente com região da perna/pé, e corresponderam igualmente a 83,3% dos participantes, seguida pela região do pescoço, com 70,8%. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que existia forte relação entre o trabalho realizado no CME, acometimento por DOM e presença de dor em várias regiões do corpo, sendo necessário um olhar voltado à prevenção de exposição ocupacional de ordem osteomuscular. Ações educativas e a ginástica laboral podem ser adotadas, assim como ações de controle gerenciais para minimizar a sobrecarga física causada pelo retrabalho e, assim, prevenir o acometimento por DORT a longo prazo, pela especificidade do trabalho realizado neste setor.

Introduction: The study had as its object the Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in nursing professionals who worked in the Central Sterile Supply Departments (CSSD) and as a research question, whether there is an association between sociodemographic, occupational, health, and lifestyle variables and the presence of MSDs in professionals working in CSSD? Objectives: To analyze the implications of CSSD work on the occurrence of MSDs and pain in nursing professionals working in CSSD; and the specific objectives: Identify the presence of MSDs in nursing professionals working in CSSD; Identify the presence, location and intensity of pain in nursing professionals working in CSSD; To analyze the association of sociodemographic, work and health characteristics with the presence of MSDs. To analyze the the presence of pain with MSDs, in nursing professionals working in CSSD; Discuss MSDs in nursing professionals from the perspective of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) at work in CSSD. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The study site was the Central Sterile Supply Departments of a High Complexity Oncology Center (HCOC), in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study population consisted of 36 nursing professionals. A questionnaire was applied to obtain the sociodemographic, work, lifestyle, health and work environment profiles and the diagram of painful areas by corlett and manenica (1980). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0, Program R version 2.7.1, Microsoft Excel ® and the significance level used was 5%. Results: there was a predominance of females (87.5%), non-white (54.2%), living without a partner (62.5%), with high school education level (41.7%), with children (70.8%). The prevalence of MSDs was 66.7% of the participants. When the characteristics of work were associated MSDs, it was observed that 91.7% of the professionals were nursing assistants/technicians, working the day shift (70.8%), 12-hour on-duty (62.5%), used public transport to work (77.3%), spent an average of 69.6 minutes to get to work and had worked at the CSSD between 1 and 5 years (62.5%). It was highlighted that 79.2% of the participants reported that they were "always" in the standing position to carry out activities at the CSSD; Those who picked up weight represented 54.2% of the participants, those who considered the work "repetitive" were 87.5% of the participants and those who reported that the work performed was "tiring" represented 95.8% of the participants; Participants who said that "they did not consider the work environment to be ergonomically suitable for carrying out activities" accounted for 91.7%. Regarding the pain complaint, 75.0% would refer as "present" in the initial assessment and in the final assessment, 95.8%. As for intensity, 50.0% reported mild pain in the initial assessment and 35.3% acute/very acute pain in the final assessment. As for the location of pain, the lumbar spine region corresponded to 50% of the participants who reported pain in this region in the initial assessment. In the final evaluation, there was the presence of pain in the regions of the lumbar spine again, together with the leg/foot region and they corresponded equally to 83.3% of the participants, followed by the neck region with 70.8%. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a strong relationship between the work carried out at the CSSD, involvement by MSDs and the presence of pain in various regions of the body, requiring a look towards the prevention of occupational exposure of a musculoskeletal order. Educational actions and labor gymnastics can be adopted, as well as management control actions to minimize the physical overload caused by rework and thus prevent the onset of MSDs in the long term, due to the specificity of the work carried out in this sector.

Retrospective Analysis of 291 Cases of Medical Malpractice Involving Death / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the medical malpractice cases involving death, and discuss the identification ideas and methods of medical malpractice cases. Methods A total of 291 medical malpractice cases involving death accepted and settled from January 2012 to December 2017 at the Judicial Appraisal Center of Southern Medical University were collected. Based on the age, gender, hospital level, clinical department, whether or not autopsy was performed, cause of death, cause of medical mistakes, causality and causative potency of the appraised person, statistical analysis was made. Results There were more males than females in medical malpractice cases involving death. Mostly young adults or children were involved in these cases. The number of cases involving tertiary hospitals was the highest; among the clinical departments, the internal medicine department had the largest number of cases, followed by surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, etc. Autopsy rate has a trend of increasing year by year. Most patients die from the natural outcomes of their disease or ineffective treatment. Most hospitals have certain medical mistakes, and have an indirect correlation with the patient's death, mainly slight factors. Conclusion Judicial appraisal of medical malpractice should follow the principle of "one-effect and multi-cause", and comprehensively consider various factors such as, the diseases and constitution of the patient, natural outcomes of the diseases, the current medical technology and the level of diagnosis and treatment of the hospital, etc.

Hepatocarcinoma y trasplante hepático en Perú: resultados de 15 años del Departamento de Trasplantes del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud / Liver transplant and hepatocellular carcinoma in Peru: outcome after 15 years in the transplant department of the Guillermo Almenara Hospital - EsSalud

El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) es una neoplasia con incidencia y prevalencia significativa en el mundo. Ésta en gran porcentaje se origina en el hígado cirrótico. El trasplante hepático bajo condiciones especiales, ha demostrado ser efectivo en el tratamiento simultáneo de ambas condiciones. En América latina la información es escasa. Este es un estudio de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal, cuyo universo es conformado por los primeros 200 trasplantes de hígado de nuestra serie (Años 2000-2015). Durante el periodo mencionado 26 (13%) pacientes tuvieron diagnóstico de CHC. De los 26 trasplantados con CHC, 21 (81%) pacientes fueron de sexo masculino. El promedio de edad fue 59,7 años. La etiología cirrótica más frecuente fue NASH con 9 (35%) casos, seguida de VHC y OH con 6 (23%). El promedio de AFP pre trasplante fue de 113,3. El ¨downstaging¨ fue realizado en 4 pacientes. La sobrevida global obtenida es de 90,9% a más de 5 años. La sobrevida libre de recurrencia en nuestra serie es de 95,5% a 5 años.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a neoplasm with significant incidence and prevalence in the world. In large percentage it originates from a cirrhotic liver. Liver transplantation under special conditions is effective in the simultaneous treatment of both conditions. Information is scarce in Latin America. This is a cross-sectional study of the first 200 liver transplants of our series (Years 2000-2015). During this period, 26 (13%) patients had a diagnosis of HCC. Of the 26 transplanted with HCC, 21 (81%) patients were male. The average age was 59.7 years. The most frequent cirrhotic etiology was NASH with nine (35%) cases, followed by HCV and OH with six (23%). The average of AFP pre-transplant was 113.3. Downstaging was performed in four patients. The overall survival obtained is 90.9% over 5 years. The recurrence-free survival in our series is 95.5% at 5 years.

Síndrome hepatopulmonar y trasplante hepático: experiencia en el departamento de trasplantes del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud / Hepatopulmonar syndrome and liver transplantation: experience in the transplantation department of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital - EsSalud

Introducción: El síndrome hepatopulmonar (SHP) es una complicación grave de la enfermedad hepática, la cual se caracteriza por la presencia de vasodilatación intrapulmonar e hipoxemia progresiva, siendo el trasplante de hígado el único tratamiento efectivo. Objetivo: Mostrar nuestros resultados de los pacientes con síndrome hepatopulmonar sometidos a trasplante hepático. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y trasversal. Desde marzo del 2000 a diciembre del 2016 se realizaron 226 trasplantes de hígado. Del total, se excluyeron a 25 pacientes: 12 retrasplantes, 9 trasplantes dobles higadoriñon, 2 trasplantes con falla hepática aguda, 2 trasplantes en pacientes no cirróticos. De los 201 pacientes con diagnóstico pretrasplante de cirrosis hepática, 19 tuvieron criterios de SHP; quienes fueron distribuidos según edad, sexo, nivel de hipoxemia (pO2), score CHILD, score MELD. La reversibilidad de la hipoxemia post trasplante se midió con una cutt off de p0(2) >75 mmHg. Resultados: La prevalencia del SHP en nuestra serie fue 9,45%. La edad promedio fue 41 años (14-65); la relación M/F de 1,65. El 78,94% (15/19) fueron adultos. 89,5% (17/19) fueron score de CHILD B y C, y el 68,4% tuvieron SHP severo y muy severo. En el 94,11% de los pacientes se demostró reversibilidad del SHP. La tasa de mortalidad temprana en los pacientes con SHP fue 10,4%. Conclusiones: La prevalencia del SHP fue del 9,45%. Los pacientes trasplantados con y sin SHP tuvieron similar sobrevida.

Introduction: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious complication of liver disease, which is characterized by the presence of intrapulmonary vasodilation and progressive hypoxemia. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. Objective: To show our results of patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation. Materials and methods: Retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study. From March 2000 to December 2016; 226 liver transplants were performed. Of the total, 25 patients were excluded: 12 retransplantation, 9 liver-kidney combined transplants, 2 transplants for acute liver failure, 2 transplants in non-cirrhotic patients. Of the 201 patients with pretransplant diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, 19 filled criteria for SHP; who were distributed according to age, sex, hypoxemia level (pO2), Child-Pugh score and MELD score. The reversibility hypoxemia after liver trasplantation was measured with a cut-off of p0(2) >75 mmHg. Results: The prevalence of SHP in our series was 9.45%. The average age was 41 years (14-65); the M / F ratio of 1.65. The 78.94% (15/19) were adults. 89.5% (17/19) were Score of Child-Pugh B and C, and 68.4% had severe and very severe SHP. In 94.11% of patients, reversibility SHP founded. The early mortality rate (30 days) in patients with SHP was 10.4%. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPS in our series was 9.45%. Transplanted patients with and without SHP had similar survival.

Representações sociais de enfermeiras acerca da violência doméstica contra a mulher: estudo com abordagem estrutural / Representaciones sociales de enfermeras acerca de la violencia doméstica contra la mujer: estudio con enfoque estructural / Social representations of nurses concerning domestic violence against women: study with a structural approach

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a estrutura e os conteúdos das representações sociais de enfermeiras acerca da violência doméstica contra a mulher. MÉTODOS Estudo qualitativo realizado com 100 enfermeiras entre maio/setembro de 2014 em dois hospitais de Rio Grande/RS. Colheram-se os dados por meio de evocação-livre e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram tratados pelo software Evoc e análise contextual, respectivamente. RESULTADOS Observa-se uma representação negativa com elementos nucleares aludindo às formas de violência e ao seu julgamento, expresso em "agressão física" e "desrespeito". Na periferia, "medo" revela tanto o sentimento das profissonais quanto das vítimas frente ao agressor, e "submissão" é pontuada como causa da violência. Infere-se a possibilidade de um subgrupo com representação diferenciada, frente ao termo "agressão verbal" na zona de contraste. CONCLUSÕES A visão centralizada nos agravos físicos e na culpabilização da vítima pode limitar as ações de cuidado, portanto é fundamental problematizar este objeto com profissionais da saúde.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la estructura y el contenidos de las representaciones sociales de los enfermeros sobre la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres. MÉTODOS Estúdio cualitativo cumplido em dos hospitales de Río Grande/RS. Los datos fueron recolectados entre mayo/septiembre de 2014 a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, cumplido con 100 enfermera, y evocaciones com 34. Fueron tratadas por un software Evoc y análisis contextual, respectivamente. RESULTADOS Se observa una representación negativa con elementos nucleares en alusión a las formas de violencia y su juicio, como "agresión física" y "falta de respeto". En la primera periferia, "miedo", revela tanto la sensación de profissonais como las víctimas contra el agresor, y "sumisión" se califica como una causa de la violencia. Se deduce de la posibilidad de una representación del subgrupo diferente, a través del la presencia del término "agression verbal", en la zona de contraste. CONCLUSIONES Una visión centralizada las lesiones físicas y culpabilidad a la víctima puede limitar las acciones de atención, por lo tanto es fundamental discutir este tema con profesionales de la salud.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyse the structure and contents of the social representations of nurses concerning domestic violence against women. METHODS This is a qualitative study conducted with 100 nurses between May and September 2014 in two hospitals of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Data were collected through evocations and semi-structured interviews. The data were processed in Evoc software and subjected to contextual analysis, respectively. RESULTS A negative representation was identified with core elements alluding to forms of violence and its judgment, expressed as "physical aggression" and "contempt". In the periphery, "fear" is how the professionals and the victims feel toward the aggressor and "submission" is mentioned as a cause of violence. The term "verbal aggression" in the contrast zone suggests the possibility of a subgroup with a different representation. CONCLUSIONS A centralised view regarding physical injuries and the culpabilisation of domestic abuse victims can limit care actions, revealing the need to discuss this subject with health workers.

Cuidado psicosocial en Hematooncología Pediátrica en hospitales públicos en Argentina / Psychosocial care in the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology of public hospitals in Argentina

Introducción. Las enfermedades hemato-oncológicas constituyen un grupo de patologías infrecuentes en pediatría. Los tratamientos oncológicos son, en general, prolongados (meses o años) y el cuidado integral de los pacientes ha incorporado el soporte psicosocial. Objetivo: Explorar el cuidado psicosocial que brindan los hospitales públicos de Argentina a niños y adolescentes con cáncer, tomando como parámetro de calidad las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Internacional de Oncología Pediátrica. Población y métodos. Se envió un cuestionario electrónico a los jefes de Servicio de Hematooncología, Salud Mental y Servicio Social de 27 hospitales públicos que trataban cáncer pediátrico. El cuestionario contenía preguntas referidas al cuidado psicosocial de este grupo de pacientes. Las respuestas se recogieron y procesaron durante 2013-2014. Resultados. Respondió el 62,6% (47/75) de los profesionales contactados. Los hematooncólogos refirieron que las tres disciplinas cumplían las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Internacional de Oncología Pediátrica en un grado mayor que el que informaba el área psicosocial. Esta diferencia se repitió en todas las respuestas obtenidas. La continuidad escolar y el cuidado de los hermanos sanos fueron las pautas que se cumplían en forma más generalizada. Las tres profesiones expresaron carecer de mecanismos formales para detectar tempranamente fallas en la adherencia al tratamiento, si bien se encontraba sistematizado el modo de intervenir ante su abandono. Los profesionales del área psicosocial observaron la falta de recurso humano y percibieron poco trabajo interdisciplinario. Conclusiones. Se reportó un cumplimiento parcial de las pautas recomendadas por la Sociedad Internacional de Oncología Pediátrica. La evaluación de los hematooncólogos difirió de la que hicieron los servicios psicosociales.

Background. Blood diseases and cancer are part of a group of rare conditions in pediatrics. In general, cancer treatments are prolonged (months or years), so psychosocial support has been introduced to provide comprehensive care to these patients. Objective: T o explore psychosocial care provided at the public hospitals of Argentina to children and adolescents with cancer. Population and Methods. An electronic questionnaire was sent to the heads of the Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Mental Health, and Social Services of 27 public hospitals providing care to pediatric patients with cancer. The survey included questions related to psychosocial care provided to this group of patients. Answers were collected and processed in the 2013-2014 period. Results. Of the total number of health care providers contacted, 62.6% (47/75) completed the questionnaire. As per hematologist-oncologists, the three specialties complied with the recommendations made by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology to a greater extent than that reported by the psychosocial area. Such difference was repeatedly observed in all answers. The standards that were observed more consistently were continuation of education and care of healthy siblings. The health care providers from the three specialties indicated that they lacked formal mechanisms to detect failures in treatment adherence in an early manner, although treatment withdrawal interventions were systematized. Providers from the psychosocial area indicated that human resources were lacking and perceived little interdisciplinary work. Conclusions. This study reported partial adherence to the standards recommended by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology. The assessment made by hematologists-oncologists was different from that made by health care providers from the psychosocial area.

An initial overview of management and treatment outcomes for head and neck hemangiomas

OBJECTIVES: To provide an initial overview of the outcomes of different treatment modalities used for hemangiomas.METHODS:Design: Case SeriesSetting: Tertiary National University HospitalParticipants: Records of 21 patients diagnosed with head and neck hemangiomas in the Philippine General Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed.RESULTS: Majority of the patients were female (61.9%) and in the pediatric age group (57.1%). Of the 21 patients, 6 underwent medical management, 13 had surgical management, 1 had both medical and surgical management and 1 opted to observe the lesion. All patients treated with propranolol observed a decrease in the size of the lesion. Seven out of the 13 patients had radiofrequency ablation; all had gross residual lesion. Six of the 13 underwent excision with complete excision being achieved in 5 of 6 cases.CONCLUSION: Treatment response of patients in this series with hemangiomas of the head and neck to propranolol at a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day may reflect international data. Outcomes analysis for radiofrequency ablation and surgical excision requires a longer duration of follow-up.

An initial overview of management and treatment outcomes for head and neck hemangiomas

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> To provide an initial overview of the outcomes of different treatment modalities used for hemangiomas.<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong><br /><strong>Design:</strong> Case Series<br /><strong>Setting:</strong> Tertiary National University Hospital<br /><strong>Participants:</strong> Records of 21 patients diagnosed with head and neck hemangiomas in the Philippine General Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Majority of the patients were female (61.9%) and in the pediatric age group (57.1%). Of the 21 patients, 6 underwent medical management, 13 had surgical management, 1 had both medical and surgical management and 1 opted to observe the lesion. All patients treated with propranolol observed a decrease in the size of the lesion. Seven out of the 13 patients had radiofrequency ablation; all had gross residual lesion. Six of the 13 underwent excision with complete excision being achieved in 5 of 6 cases.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Treatment response of patients in this series with hemangiomas of the head and neck to propranolol at a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day may reflect international data. Outcomes analysis for radiofrequency ablation and surgical excision requires a longer duration of follow-up.</p>

The Efficacy of Treatment According to Electroencephalogram Findings in Children and Adolescents with Recurrent Primary Headache

PURPOSE: We investigated the impact of treatment on electroencephalogram (EEG) findings, and determined treatment efficacy according to EEG findings and antiepileptic drugs in children and adolescents with recurrent headaches. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 131 patients, aged 5–18 years, with recurrent primary headaches and performed EEG study who visited the Chosun University Hospital Department of Pediatrics from January 2014 to December 2016. Headaches were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III (ICHD-III, beta version), and EEGs were analyzed for changes after treatment for primary headache. RESULTS: Among 131 patients, we successfully collected completed all the data on 30 patients (18 boys, 12 girls). The frequency of abnormal EEG findings before treatment was not significantly different according to the type of primary headache (P= 0.390). The mean frequency (P=0.001), duration (P=0.002), and intensity of headaches (P < 0.001), and disability due to headache (P=0.003) were significantly decreased after treatment in patients with epileptiform discharges on EEG. The mean frequency and intensity of headaches and disability due to headache (P < 0.005) was also significantly decreased in the patients with both slow and normal EEG findings. The mean frequency (P=0.007), duration (P=0.01), and intensity (P < 0.001) of headaches, and disability due to headache (P=0.002) were significantly decreased after treatment with antiepileptic drugs in patients with epileptiform discharges. CONCLUSION: Abnormal EEG findings were no significant differences in terms of type of primary headaches. Our results suggest that antiepileptic drugs may alleviate headaches in patients with epileptiform discharges on EEG.

Trend of Prevalence and Antifungal Drug Resistance of Candida Species Isolated from Candidemia Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital During Recent Two Decades / 대한임상미생물학회지

BACKGROUND: Candidemia has increased with an increasing number of people in the high risk group and so has become more important. This study was conducted to investigate the isolation rate of Candida species from candidemia patients and the change in rate of antifungal resistance. METHODS: At a single tertiary care hospital, 1,120 blood cultures positive for Candida species from 1997 to 2016 were investigated according to date of culture, gender, age, and hospital department. RESULTS: During the investigation period, the number of candidemia patients increased from 14 in 1997 to 84 in 2016. The most common organism identified during the two decades was Candida albicans (40.8%), followed by Candida parapsilosis (24.1%), Candida tropicalis (13.2%), and Candida glabrata (12.8%). C. glabrata was relatively common in females (45.5%) compared to males. The age group 40-89 years was more frequently infected than other age groups, and the most frequent isolates according to age group were C. albicans in neonate (66.7%), C. parapsilosis in 1-9-year-olds (41.7%), and C. glabrata in those aged ≥60 years (range; 13.3%–20.0%). According to the visited departments, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and Candida haemulonii were more common in medical departments, while C. parapsilosis was more common in surgical departments. In the antifungal susceptibility test, a rising trend of azole resistance among C. albicans and C. glabrata was observed in recent years. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was confirmed that the isolation rate of Candida species in blood is different by age, gender, and hospital department, and the distribution of isolated Candida species changed over time. The resistance patterns of antifungal agents are also changing, and continuous monitoring and proper selection of antifungal agents are necessary.

Development of Height and Body Mass Index After Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: Experience of the Nephrology Pediatric Service at HCFMRP- USP, 2005-2014 / Evolução de Estatura e Índice de Massa Corporal Após Transplante Renal Pediátrico: Experiência do Serviço de Nefrologia Pediátrica do HCFMRP-USP, 2005-2014

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease in children often determines poor nutritional status. Although renal transplantation (RTx) resolves endocrine and metabolic disorders, growth continues to be suboptimal and excessive weight gain may result in obesity. Objectives: Evaluating the development of height and body mass index in renal transplanted children and adolescents and identifying associated factors with final nutritional status. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 17 patients with regular follow-ups up to 24 months after RTx. Nutritional status was assessed by height-for-age (H/A) and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A). It was considered catch-up growth the increase in z-score H/A ≥ 0.5 standard deviation. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the influence of factors clinical and demographic variables on anthropometric indicators at 24 months after RTx. Results: Mean age was 9.1 ± 4.1 years old. Twenty-four months after RTx the mean z-score H/A increased from -2.66 ± 1.66 to -1.93 ± 1.08 (p ≤ 0.05), 47.0% of the patients showed catch-up growth and the same proportion showed z-score H/A < -2. Mean z-score BMI/A increased from -0.48 ± 1.03 at RTx to 0.80 ± 0.94 at third month after RTx (p < 0.001) and remained unchanged up to 24 months. The frequency of weight excess increased from 5.9% at RTx to 41.2% at 24 months. Age (r = -0.66; p = 0.006) and z-score H/A (r = -0.72; p = 0.002) at RTx were inversely associated with growth. Conclusion: Twenty-four months after transplant it was verified inadequate growth to recovery from stunting and excessive weight gain. RTx promoted greater growth in the youngest patients and most stunted at RTx.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica em crianças geralmente determina o comprometimento do estado nutricional. Embora o transplante renal (TxR) resolva os distúrbios endócrinos e metabólicos, o crescimento continua a ser inadequado e o ganho de peso excessivo pode resultar em obesidade. Objetivos: Avaliar a evolução da estatura e do índice de massa corporal de crianças e adolescentes transplantados renais e identificar fatores associados com o estado nutricional final. Método: Foram revisados os prontuários de 17 pacientes com seguimento regular até 24 meses após o (TxR). O estado nutricional foi avaliado por estatura para idade (E/I) e índice de massa corporal para idade (IMC/I). Foi considerado catch-up de crescimento o aumento no escore-z E/I ≥ 0,5 desvios-padrão. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para estimar a influência de variáveis clínicas e demográficas na variação dos indicadores antropométricos aos 24 meses após TxR. Resultados: A média de idade foi 9,1 ± 4,1 anos. Após 24 meses de TxR, a média de escore-z E/I aumentou de -2,66 ± 1,66 para -1,93 ± 1,08 (p ≤ 0,05), 47,0% dos pacientes apresentaram catch-up de crescimento e a mesma proporção apresentou escore-z E/I < -2. A média do escore-z IMC/I aumentou de -0,48 ± 1,03 no TxR para 0,80 ± 0,94 no terceiro mês após TxR (p < 0,001) e manteve-se estável até 24 meses. A frequência de excesso de peso aumentou de 5,9% no TxR para 41,2% aos 24 meses. A idade (r = -0,66; p = 0,006) e o escore-z E/I no TxR (r = -0,72; p = 0,002) foram inversamente associados ao crescimento. Conclusão: Após 24 meses de TxR verificou-se crescimento insuficiente para recuperação do déficit estatural e ganho ponderal excessivo. O TxR promoveu maior crescimento nos pacientes mais jovens e com maior déficit estatural no TxR.

Micosis superficiales: casuística del Departamento de Micología del Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel”, Caracas,Venezuela (2001-2014) / Superficial mycoses: casuistry of the Mycology Department of the Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel”, Caracas, Venezuela (2001-2014)

Las micosis superficiales son muy comunes y por ello son motivo de consulta médica frecuente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la frecuencia de diagnóstico de las micosis superficiales en el Departamento de Micología del Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel” en Caracas, Venezuela, durante 14 años (2001-2014). Se realizó un estudio transversal y retrospectivo de revisión de historias micológicas de pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de micosis superficial. Las muestras procesadas fueron uñas, pelos y escamas epidérmicas. La identificación de los hongos se realizó mediante observación macro y microscópica de las colonias y pruebas de identificación bioquímicas y fisiológicas, según requerimiento del agente aislado. Para la investigación de Malassezia spp. solo se realizó examen directo. De las 3228 muestras procesadas, 1098 (34%) resultaron positivas y su distribución según el agente etiológico fue: 79,5% dermatofitos; 10,9% levaduras; 5,1% hongos no dermatofitos y 4,5% Malassezia spp. El dermatofito más aislado fue el Complejo Trichophyton rubrum (70,1%), seguido del Complejo T. mentagrophytes (15,1%), Microsporum canis (9,4%) y Epidermophyton floccosum (4%). Las tiñas más frecuentes fueron: Tinea unguium (66,8%), seguida de Tinea pedis (16,4%) y Tinea capitis (8,1%). En el grupo de levaduras el Complejo Candida parapsilosis (37,5%) fue el más aislado y entre los hongos no dermatofitos el más frecuente fue Fusarium spp. (53,6%), seguido de Aspergillus spp. (19,6%) y Acremonium spp. (10,7%). La identificación del agente etiológico es fundamental para orientar un tratamiento adecuado. Esta casuística constituye un aporte importante para el conocimiento de la epidemiología de las micosis superficiales en nuestro país.

The superficial mycoses are very common infectious diseases and therefore are a frequent reason for medical consultation. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic frequency of superficial mycoses in the Mycology Department of the Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel” during 14 years (2001-2014). A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to review the mycological records of patients with presumptive diagnosis of superficial mycosis. Nails, hairs and epidermal scales were the processed samples. The identification of fungi was performed by macro and microscopic observation of colonies and biochemical and physiological tests, as required of the isolated agent. For the investigation of Malassezia spp. only direct examination was performed. Of the 3 228 samples processed, 1 098 (34%) were positive and their distribution according to the etiological agent was: dermatophytes 79.5%; 10.9% yeasts; non-dermatophytes fungi 5.1% and 4.5% Malassezia spp. The most frequently isolated dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum Complex (70.1%), followed by T. mentagrophytes complex (15.1%), Microsporum canis (9.4%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (4%). The most frequent ringworms were: Tinea unguium (66.8%), followed by Tinea pedis (16.4%) and Tinea capitis (8.1%). Candida parapsilosis complex (37.5%) was the most frequently isolated yeast and Fusarium spp. (53.6%) was the most isolated among non-dermatophyte fungi, followed by Aspergillus spp. (19.6%) and Acremonium spp. (10.7%). The identification of the etiological agent is essential to guide appropriate treatment. This study constitutes an important contribution to the knowledge of the epidemiology of superficial mycoses in our country.

Descripción de la aplicación de la lista de verificación quirúrgica en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Privado de Córdoba Argentina. durante el periodo de agosto 2014-diciembre 2015

El problema de la seguridad de la cirugía es ampliamente reconocido en todo el mundo. Los datos estadísticos reflejan cifras preocupantes de complicaciones y muerte, en el porcentaje poblacional que se somete a intervenciones quirúrgicas, sean programadas o de emergencia. Existen antecedentes a lo largo de la historia enfatizando que el acto médico debe estar libre de daño. En las últimas décadas del siglo pasado, diversos estudios pusieron en el centro de la atención, tanto de la comunidad médica como de sociedad en general, la ocurrencia de errores durante la atención médica. Si bien es innegable que el desarrollo tecnológico ha producido avances importantes en el terreno de la salud, incrementando considerablemente la esperanza de vida, transitando hacia los procedimientos de mínima invasión y medicamentos con mayor eficacia, entre otros, sin embargo, la complejidad de éstos incrementa la posibilidad de que se presenten eventos adversos, mismos que no podemos anular, lo que sí está al alcance de todos es reducir al máximo los riesgos

ABSTRACT: The problem of safety of surgery is widely recognized throughout the world. Statistical data show alarming figures of complications and death in the population percentage who undergo surgery, whether planned or emergency. There are precedents throughout history emphasizing that the medical act must be free of damage. In the last decades of the last century, several studies put into the center of attention of both the medical community and society at large, the occurrence of errors in medical care. While it is undeniable that technological development has produced significant advances in the field of health, greatly increasing life expectancy, moving towards minimally invasive procedures and more effective drugs, among others, however, the complexity of these increases the possibility of adverse, same events that we can not cancel arise, which itself is accessible to all is to minimize the risks

Absenteísmo por transtornos mentais em trabalhadores de saúde em um hospital no sul do Brasil / Absentismo laboral por trastornos mentales en trabajadores de la salud en un hospital brasileño / Absenteeism due to mental disorders in health professionals at a hospital in southern Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o perfil de adoecimento por transtornos mentais e comportamentais em trabalhadores de saúde de um hospital de ensino no sul do Brasil. Métodos pesquisa quantitativa, epidemiológica transversal retrospectiva cuja coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de documentos institucionais utilizados para alimentar o Sistema de Monitoramento da Saúde do Trabalhador de Enfermagem e envolveu todos os afastamentos ocorridos em 2011. Resultados Foram contabilizados 55 registros de afastamentos por Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais que totalizaram 317 dias de absenteísmo. Os Técnicos de Enfermagem foram os profissionais mais afastados com o equivalente a 29,09% dos registros. As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva representaram os setores com o maior número de dias de absenteísmo, totalizando 81% e os Episódios depressivos obtiveram a frequência mais significativa, 52,72% dos transtornos mentais. Conclusão Os resultados evidenciaram que os transtornos mentais em trabalhadores de saúde constituem uma realidade preocupante que necessitam urgentemente de intervenções.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir el perfil de salud de los trastornos mentales y de comportamiento en los trabajadores sanitarios de un hospital universitario en el sur de Brasil. Método Investigación cuantitativa, transversal epidemiológico retrospectivo cuyos datos fueron recolectados a través de documentos institucionales utilizados para alimentar lo Sistema de Vigilancia de la Salud de Trabajadores de Enfermería y involucrados todos los registros de absentismo por los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en 2011. Resultados Se descubrió que 55 registros totalizando 317 días de absentismo. Los técnicos de enfermería presentaron el mayor número de registros, 29,09%, las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos fueron los sectores con el mayor número de días de trabajo perdidos, con un total del 81%, e los episódios depressivos tuvieron la frecuencia más significativa, 52,72% de los registros. Conclusión Los resultados mostraron que los trastornos mentales en trabajadores de la salud son una realidad preocupante que requiere medidas urgentes.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the health profile of mental and behavioral disorders in health professionals at a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. Methods This was a quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study whose data were collected through institutional documents used to feed the Health Monitoring System for Nursing Professionals and involved all absenteeism occurred in 2011. Results We found 55 records of absenteeism due to mental and behavioral disorders, a total of 317 days absent. Nursing technicians were the most absentee, with 29.09% of the records. The intensive care unit represented the sector with the highest number of days absent, 81%, and depressive episodes were the most frequent, representing 52.72% of mental disorders. Conclusion The results showed that mental disorders in health professionals are a cause for concern and urgently need intervention.

The effects of work on the health of nurses who work in clinical surgery departments at university hospitals / Efeitos do trabalho na saúde de enfermeiros que atuam em clínica cirúrgica de hospitais universitários / Efectos del trabajo en la salud de enfermeros que actúan en clínica quirúrgica de hospitales universitarios

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the effects of work on the health of nurses who work in clinical surgery departments at university hospitals in relation to physical, social and psychological suffering and pain. Methods: a quantitative transversal study was carried out between 2012 and 2013 in four institutions in a state located in the south of Brazil. We studied 65 nurses who responded to questions on their habits. We also obtained sociodemographical information on them as well as conducting an evaluation on work relational damage using an evaluation scale. Associations were checked through the use of the Chi-Sqaure and Fisher's exact test. Correlations were checked using the Spearmann test. Results: we found that physical ailments persisted and that there were connections between social and psychological pain/suffering and variable physical activities as well as connections with accidents in the work place and the option to work shifts. We noted correlations between social and psychological pain/suffering. Conclusion: nurses had their health compromised due to their work in clinical surgery departments.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os efeitos do trabalho na saúde de enfermeiros que atuam em clínicas cirúrgicas de hospitais universitários, relacionando-os aos danos físicos, sociais e psicológicos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado entre 2012 e 2013 em quatro instituições de um Estado da região sul do Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 65 enfermeiros que responderam questões sobre os hábitos de vida e dados sociodemográficos e a Escala de Avaliação de Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho. Associações foram verificadas pelo teste Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher e as correlações pelo teste de Spearmann. Resultados: prevaleceu o adoecimento físico, encontrando associação entre os fatores Danos Sociais e Psicológicos e as variáveis prática de atividade física, acidente de trabalho e opção pelo turno de trabalho. Evidenciou-se correlação entre Danos Sociais e Psicológicos. Conclusão: o trabalho realizado por enfermeiros que atuam em clínica cirúrgica nas instituições hospitalares pesquisadas produz efeitos danosos à saúde.

resumen Objetivo: analizar los efectos del trabajo en la salud de enfermeros que actúan en clínicas quirúrgicas de hospitales universitarios, relacionándolos a daños físicos, sociales y psicológicos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado entre 2012 y 2013, en cuatro instituciones de un estado de la región sur de Brasil. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 65 enfermeros que respondieron preguntas sobre los hábitos de vida y datos sociodemográficos; se uso la Escala de Evaluación de Daños Relacionados al Trabajo. Las asociaciones fueron verificadas con el test Chi-Cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher y las correlaciones con el test de Spearmann. Resultados: prevaleció la enfermedad física, encontrando asociación entre los factores Daños Sociales y Psicológicos y las variables: práctica de actividades físicas, accidente de trabajo y opción por el turno de trabajo. Se evidenció correlación entre Daños Sociales y Psicológicos. Conclusión: el trabajo realizado por enfermeros, que actúan en clínica quirúrgica en las instituciones hospitalarias investigadas, produce efectos que perjudican a la salud.

Importance-Performance Analysis of Clinical Nutrition Management in Convalescent Hospitals in the Gyeongnam Area

The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance-performance of clinical nutrition management in convalescent hospitals. The research was carried out based on questionnaires administered from March to April, 2015 to 73 dietitians at 40 convalescent hospitals in the Gyeongnam area. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores for importance (4.01/5.00) and performance (2.95/5.00) of clinical nutrition management. The importance and performance grid analysis showed that participation in a nutritional management committee, administration of patients using a cooperation program among hospital departments, cooperation with a medical team on patient's nutrition status, nutrition initial assessment, nutrition care process for patients showing malnutrition, nutrition care process for tube feeding patients, management of a therapeutic diet, meal management using dietary slip instructions including a therapeutic diet, and explication of a therapeutic diet for patients scored high regarding importance and performance (doing great area). Medical records on patient's nutrition management, and nutrition counseling for requested patient scored low regarding the importance and high regarding performance (overdone area). Participation in medical rounds, personal nutrition education for patients, group nutrition education for patients, nutrition education for medical teams, development of a menu for therapeutic diet and standardized recipes, and provision of information on diet therapy for patients after discharge scored low regarding importance and performance (low priority area). Accreditation of convalescent hospitals and interest of medical professionals in clinical nutrition management were effective variables for the importance-performance gap of clinical nutrition management. In conclusion, the accreditation process and positive awareness of medical professionals with regard to clinical nutrition management had positive effects on reduction of the importance-performance gap in clinical nutrition management at convalescent hospitals. The strength of clinical nutrition management in the accreditation and development of an education program for increasing medical team or administrator interest in clinical nutrition management could lead to improvement of clinical nutrition management for elderly patients in convalescent hospitals.

Construction of Research-Oriented State Key Clinical Department by Highlighting the Characteris- tics and Advantages of Chinese Medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

As the largest research-oriented specialty department in national traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, the Department of Critical Care Medicine in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine insists on the development mode combined with clinical medicine and scientific research. By taking clinical and basic researches for integrative medicine preventing and treating acute myocardial in-farction and sepsis as a breakthrough, authors explored key problems of Chinese medicine in improving the prognosis related diseases and patients' quality of life. In recent 3 years our department has successively become the principal unit of the national key specialties cooperative group of critical care medicine (awarded by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), the key clinical specialties (awarded by National Health and Family Planning Commission), and Guangzhou key laboratory construction unit, and achieved overall lap in clinical medical treatment, personnel training, scientific research, and social service.

Healthcare Work and Organizational Interventions to Prevent Work-related Stress in Brindisi, Italy

BACKGROUND: Organizational changes that involve healthcare hospital departments and care services of health districts, and ongoing technological innovations and developments in society increasingly expose healthcare workers (HCWs) to work-related stress (WRS). Minimizing occupational exposure to stress requires effective risk stress assessment and management programs. METHODS: The authors conducted an integrated analysis of stress sentinel indicators, an integrated analysis of objective stress factors of occupational context and content areas, and an integrated analysis between nurses and physicians of hospital departments and care services of health districts in accordance with a multidimensional validated tool developed in Italy by the National Network for the Prevention of Work-Related Psychosocial Disorders. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to detect and analyze in different work settings the level of WRS resulting from organizational changes implemented by hospital healthcare departments and care services of health districts in a sample of their employees. RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that hospital HCWs seemed to incur a medium level risk of WRS that was principally the result of work context factors. The implementation of improvement interventions focused on team development, safety training programs, and adopting an ethics code for HCWs, and it effectively and significantly reduced the level of WRS risk in the workplace. CONCLUSION: In this study HCW resulted to be exposed to occupational stress factors susceptible to reduction. Stress management programs aimed to improve work context factors associated with occupational stress are required to minimize the impact of WRS on workers.